I-ejenti ye-polyurethane foam
I-ejenti ye-polyurethane foam ingumkhiqizo wokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-aerosol kanye nobuchwepheshe be-polyurethane foam. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimo ze-spongy ohlotsheni lwethubhu kanye nohlobo lwesibhamu. I-Styrofoam isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ye-foam ekukhiqizweni kwama-microcellular foam. Ngokuvamile ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo olungokoqobo nohlobo lwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kusekelwe ekutheni ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kuyinqubo engokoqobo (i-Volatilization noma i-sublimation) noma inqubo yamakhemikhali (Ukubhujiswa kwesakhiwo samakhemikhali noma okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali)
Igama lesiNgisi
Igwebu le-PU
Ubuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe be-aerosol kanye nobuchwepheshe be-polyurethane foam
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lweshubhu kanye nohlobo lwesibhamu
Isingeniso
Igama eligcwele le-polyurethane foam agent enesici esisodwa yi-polyurethane foam sealant. Amanye amagama: i-foam agent, i-styrofoam, i-PU sealant. I-PU FOAM yesiNgisi ingumkhiqizo wokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-aerosol kanye nobuchwepheshe be-polyurethane foam. Ingumkhiqizo okhethekile we-polyurethane lapho izingxenye ezifana ne-polyurethane prepolymer, i-blowing agent, kanye ne-catalyst zigcwaliswa khona ngethini le-aerosol elingacindezeleki. Lapho izinto zifuthwa ethangini le-aerosol, izinto ze-polyurethane ezifana ne-foam zizokhula ngokushesha futhi zizoqina futhi zisabela nomoya noma umswakama osesithanjeni ukuze zakhe i-foam. Uhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Inezinzuzo zokufaka i-foam ngaphambili, ukwanda okuphezulu, ukuncishiswa okuncane, njll. Futhi i-foam inamandla amahle kanye nokunamathela okuphezulu. I-foam elungisiwe inemiphumela ehlukahlukene njengokufaka i-caulking, ukubopha, ukuvala, ukuvala ukushisa, ukumuncwa komsindo, njll. Iyinto yokwakha enobungani nemvelo, esindisa amandla futhi elula ukuyisebenzisa. Ingasetshenziswa ekuvaleni nasekufakeni amapayipi, ekugcwaliseni izikhala, ekulungiseni nasekubopheni, ekulondolozeni ukushisa kanye nasekuvikeleni umsindo, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekuvaleni nasekuvikeleni amanzi phakathi kweminyango yensimbi yepulasitiki noma i-aluminium alloy kanye namafasitela nezindonga.
Incazelo yokusebenza
Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokomisa ubuso singaba yimizuzu eyi-10 (ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa legumbi elingu-20°C). Isikhathi sokomisa sonke siyahlukahluka kuye ngokushisa okuzungezile kanye nomswakama. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isikhathi sokomisa sonke ehlobo singaba amahora angama-4-6, futhi kuthatha amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu ukomisa cishe cishe ku-zero ebusika. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa (futhi ngesendlalelo sokumboza phezu kobuso), kulinganiselwa ukuthi impilo yayo yokusebenza ngeke ibe ngaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi. I-foam ephulukisiwe igcina ukuqina okuhle kanye nokunamathela okuhle ebangeni lokushisa elingu--10℃ ~ 80℃. I-foam ephulukisiwe inemisebenzi yokubopha, ukubopha, ukuvala, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ejenti ye-polyurethane foam evimbela ilangabi ingafinyelela ku-B kanye no-C grade flame retardant.
Ububi
1. I-ejenti yokubopha i-polyurethane foam, izinga lokushisa liphezulu, lizogeleza, futhi ukuqina kuphansi. Akuzinzile njenge-polyurethane rigid foam.
2. I-polyurethane foam sealant, ijubane lokugqwala lihamba kancane kakhulu, ukwakhiwa kwendawo enkulu akukwazi ukwenziwa, ukuthamba akukwazi ukulawulwa, futhi ikhwalithi ye-foam iphansi kakhulu.
3. I-polyurethane foam sealant, ebiza kakhulu
Isicelo
1. Ukufakwa komnyango namafasitela: Ukuvala, ukulungisa nokubopha phakathi kweminyango namafasitela nezindonga.
2. Imodeli yokukhangisa: Imodeli, ukukhiqizwa kwetafula lesihlabathi, ukulungiswa kwebhodi lombukiso
3. Ukuvimbela umsindo: Ukugcwalisa izikhala ekuhlobiseni amakamelo okukhuluma namakamelo okusakaza, okungadlala indima yokuvimbela umsindo kanye nomphumela wokuthulisa.
4. Ukulima: Ukuhlelwa kwezimbali, ukulima nokulungisa izimbali, ukukhanya nokuhle
5. Ukulungiswa kwansuku zonke: Ukulungiswa kwemigodi, izikhala, amathayela odonga, amathayela ophansi, kanye naphansi
6. Ukufaka iplagi engangeni manzi: Lungisa futhi uvale ukuvuza kwamapayipi amanzi, imisele yamanzi angcolile, njll.
7. Ukupakisha nokuthumela: Ingasonga kalula izinto ezibalulekile nezibuthakathaka, yonga isikhathi nesivinini, ingashaqeki futhi imelane nengcindezi
Imiyalelo
1. Ngaphambi kokwakha, amabala kawoyela kanye nothuli oluntantayo ebusweni besakhiwo kufanele kususwe, bese kufakwe amanzi amancane ebusweni besakhiwo.
2. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, shukumisa ithangi le-polyurethane foaming agent okungenani imizuzwana engama-60 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe yithangi kuyafana.
3. Uma kusetshenziswa i-ejenti ye-polyurethane foaming yohlobo lwesibhamu, phendula ithangi libheke phansi ukuze lixhumane nentambo ye-spray gun, vula i-flow valve, bese ulungisa ukugeleza ngaphambi kokufutha. Uma kusetshenziswa i-ejenti ye-polyurethane foaming yohlobo lwe-tube, skrufulula umlomo wepulasitiki entanjeni ye-valve, qondanisa ipayipi lepulasitiki nesikhala, bese ucindezela umlomo we-nozzle ukuze ufafaze.
4. Naka isivinini sokuhamba lapho ufafaza, ngokuvamile umthamo womjovo ungaba yingxenye yomthamo wokugcwalisa odingekayo. Gcwalisa izikhala eziqondile kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.
5. Uma ugcwalisa izikhala ezifana nophahla, igwebu elingakaphekwa lingawa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Kunconywa ukunikeza ukwesekwa okufanele ngokushesha ngemva kokugcwalisa, bese uhoxisa ukwesekwa ngemva kokuba igwebu selilungisiwe futhi liboshelwe odongeni lwegebe.
6. Igwebu lizosuswa ebhondini cishe ngemizuzu eyi-10, futhi linganqunywa ngemva kwemizuzu engama-60.
7. Sebenzisa ummese ukuze unqume igwebu elingaphezulu, bese umboza ubuso ngodaka lukasimende, upende noma ijeli ye-silica.
8. Kala i-ejenti yokufutha ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe, engeza amanzi acwebile izikhathi ezingu-80 ukuze uncibilikise ukuze wenze uketshezi olufuthayo; bese usebenzisa umshini wokufutha ukuze ufutha uketshezi olufuthayo, bese ufaka i-foam ku-slurry ye-magnesite cement exutshwe ngokulinganayo ngokwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe. Hlanganisa ngokulinganayo, bese ekugcineni uthumele i-slurry ye-magnesite efomile emshinini wokwakha noma isikhunta sokwakha.
Amanothi Okwakha:
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusetshenziswa kwethangi le-polyurethane foaming agent lingu-+5～+40℃, Izinga lokushisa elingcono kakhulu lokusetshenziswa lingu-+18～+25℃. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, kunconywa ukubeka lo mkhiqizo ezingeni lokushisa elingaguquki elingu-+25～+30℃ imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu. Izinga lokumelana nokushisa kwe-polyurethane foam elilungisiwe lingu--35℃～+80℃.
I-polyurethane foam agent iyi-foam eqeda umswakama. Kufanele ifuthwe endaweni emanzi uma isetshenziswa. Uma umswakama uphakeme, kulapho i-foam ishesha khona. I-foam engakaqedwa ingahlanzwa nge-ejenti yokuhlanza, kuyilapho i-foam eqediwe kufanele isuswe ngezindlela zomshini (ukusikwa noma ukusika). I-foam eqediwe izophenduka ibe phuzi ngemva kokukhanyiswa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcobe indawo ye-foam eqediwe ngezinye izinto (usimende, upende, njll.). Ngemva kokusebenzisa i-spray gun, sicela uyihlanze nge-ejenti yokuhlanza ekhethekile ngokushesha.
Uma ushintsha ithangi, shukumisa ithangi elisha kahle (unyakazise okungenani izikhathi ezingu-20), susa ithangi elingenalutho, bese ulishintsha ngokushesha ithangi elisha ukuze uvimbele imbobo yokuxhuma isibhamu sokufafaza ukuthi ingaqini.
Ivalvu yokulawula ukugeleza kanye nesiqalisi sesibhamu sokufafaza kungalawula usayizi wokugeleza kwefoam. Uma umjovo uyeka, vala ngokushesha ivalvu yokugeleza ngendlela yewashi.
Izinyathelo Zokuphepha
Igwebu elingakaphekwa linamathela esikhumbeni nasezingutsheni. Ungathinti isikhumba sakho nasezingutsheni ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa. Ithangi le-polyurethane foaming agent linomfutho ongu-5-6kg/cm2 (25℃), futhi izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule u-50℃ ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthuthwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma kwethangi.
Amathangi e-polyurethane foam agent kufanele avikelwe elangeni eliqondile futhi izingane azivunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ukukhipha amathangi ngemva kokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi amathangi e-polyurethane foam asetshenziswe kancane angasetshenziswanga ngokuphelele, akufanele achitheke. Akuvunyelwe ukushisa noma ukubhoboza amathangi angenalutho.
Gcina kude namalangabi avulekile futhi ungathintani nezinto ezivuthayo neziqhumayo.
Indawo yokwakha kufanele ibe nomoya omuhle, futhi izisebenzi zokwakha kufanele zigqoke amagilavu okusebenza, ama-overall kanye nezibuko ngesikhathi sokwakha, futhi zingabhemi.
Uma kwenzeka igwebu lithinta amehlo, sicela ugeze ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuya esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa; uma lithinta isikhumba, hlanza ngamanzi nensipho.
Inqubo yokwenza igwebu
1. Indlela ye-Prepolymer
Indlela ye-pre-polymer yokwenza igwebu iwukwenza (izinto ezimhlophe) kanye (izinto ezimnyama) zibe yi-pre-polymer kuqala, bese ufaka amanzi, i-catalyst, i-surfactant, nezinye izithasiselo ku-pre-polymer, bese uxuba ngaphansi kokuxuba okusheshayo. Cwilisa, ngemva kokupholisa, ingalapheka ekushiseni okuthile.
2. Indlela ye-semi-prepolymer
Inqubo yokwenza igwebu yendlela ye-semi-prepolymer ukwenza ingxenye ye-polyether polyol (izinto ezimhlophe) kanye ne-diisocyanate (izinto ezimnyama) zibe yi-prepolymer, bese kuhlanganiswa enye ingxenye ye-polyether noma i-polyester polyol ne-diisocyanate, amanzi, ama-Catalysts, ama-surfactants, ezinye izithasiselo, njll. ziyangezwa futhi zixutshwe ngaphansi kokuxuba okusheshayo ukuze kwenziwe igwebu.
3. Inqubo yokwenza igwebu yesinyathelo esisodwa
Faka i-polyether noma i-polyester polyol (izinto ezimhlophe) kanye ne-polyisocyanate (izinto ezimnyama), amanzi, i-catalyst, i-surfactant, i-blowing agent, ezinye izithasiselo kanye nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ngesinyathelo esisodwa, bese uxuba ngaphansi kokuxuba okusheshayo bese uphefumula.
Inqubo yokufutha ngesinyathelo esisodwa inqubo evame ukusetshenziswa. Kukhona futhi indlela yokufutha ngesandla, okuyindlela elula kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa sezilinganiswe kahle, zifakwa esitsheni, bese lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zixutshwa ngokulinganayo bese zifakwa esikhumbeni noma esikhaleni esidinga ukugcwaliswa ngefutha. Qaphela: Uma ukala, i-polyisocyanate (izinto ezimnyama) kumele ikalwe ekugcineni.
I-foam ye-polyurethane eqinile ngokuvamile ifakwa i-foam ekushiseni kwegumbi, futhi inqubo yokubumba ilula kakhulu. Ngokwezinga lokwakhiwa kwemishini, ingahlukaniswa ngokwenziwa kwe-foam ngesandla kanye nokugqwala ngomshini. Ngokwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokugqwala, ingahlukaniswa ngokwenziwa kwe-foam enomfutho ophezulu kanye nokugqwala ngomfutho ophansi. Ngokwendlela yokubumba, ingahlukaniswa ngokwenziwa kwe-foam nokufutha nge-foam.
Inqubomgomo
I-ejenti ye-polyurethane foam yafakwa ohlwini yi-Ministry of Construction njengomkhiqizo ozokhuthazwa futhi usetshenziswe ngesikhathi se-“Eleventh Five-Year Plan”.
Ukulindela imakethe
Kusukela imikhiqizo engu-2000 yakhuthazwa futhi yasetshenziswa eShayina, isidingo semakethe sande ngokushesha. Ngo-2009, ukusetshenziswa kwaminyaka yonke kwemakethe yokwakha kazwelonke kudlule amathini ayizigidi ezingu-80. Ngokuthuthuka kwezidingo zekhwalithi yesakhiwo kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezakhiwo ezonga amandla, imikhiqizo enjalo Inani le-glutathione lizokhula kancane kancane esikhathini esizayo.
Ekhaya, ubuchwepheshe bokwakha nokukhiqiza balolu hlobo lomkhiqizo sebufundiwe ngokugcwele, ama-ejenti akhipha igwebu angena-fluorine angabhubhisi ungqimba lwe-ozone avame ukusetshenziswa, futhi imikhiqizo ene-pre-foaming (1) isithuthukisiwe. Ngaphandle kokuthi abanye abakhiqizi basasebenzisa izingxenye zamavalvu ezingenisiwe, ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisekelayo zenziwe ekhaya.
Incwadi yemiyalelo
(1) Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-pre-foaming kusho ukuthi u-80% we-polyurethane foaming agent ufakwe i-foam ngemva kokufutha, futhi i-foam elandelayo incane kakhulu.
Lokhu kuvumela izisebenzi ukuthi zibambe amandla ezandla zazo lapho zisebenzisa isibhamu esikhipha amagwebu, okulula futhi okulula futhi okungachithi iglu. Ngemva kokuba igwebu selifuthwe, iglu kancane kancane iba nkulu kunalapho ikhishwa.
Ngale ndlela, kunzima ngabasebenzi ukuqonda amandla okudonsa i-trigger ezandleni zabo, futhi kulula ukuyichitha i-glue, okungenani i-1/3 yemfucuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glue esanda kwandiswa kulula ukuyicindezela iminyango namafasitela ngemva kokulungiswa, njenge-glue evamile efektri yemakethe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-25-2021